John of Gaunt Famous Kin (3815) John of Gaunt: key dates & facts Born: March 1340, Abbey of Saint Bavon in Ghent Died: 3 February 1399, Leicester, age 58 Parents: King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault Known for: Third surviving son of King Edward III, and a commander in the Hundred Years' War. [31][32] The monument was severely damaged, and perhaps destroyed, during the period of the Interregnum (16491660); and anything that survived was lost (with the rest of the cathedral) in the Great Fire of London of 1666. He was wrong-footed by John's decision to invade Galicia, the most distant and disaffected of Castile's kingdoms. He also became the 14th Baron of Halton and 11th Lord of Bowland. Exercising his first command, John dared not attack such a superior force and the two armies faced each other across a marsh for several weeks until the English were reinforced by the Thomas de Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, at which the French withdrew without offering battle. The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. However, crisis ensued almost immediately in his absence, and in 1387 King Richard's misrule brought England to the brink of civil war. It is earliest associated with Edmund Crouchback, 1st Earl of Lancaster (1245-1296) (the younger son of King Henry III) whose third son John of Lancaster (1286-1317) was called "Seigneur of Beaufort". Trending; Presidents; TV/Film/Stage; . Morieux held several important posts, including Constable of the Tower the year he was married, and Master of Horse to King Richard II two years later. But even after the government acceded to virtually all their demands, the Commons then refused to authorise any funds for the war, losing the sympathy of the Lords as a result. After. Son of: John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster and Blanche of Lancaster. Blanche (13591388/1389), who married Sir Thomas Morieux (13551387) in 1381 and had no children. Constance of Castile Facts: Known for: her claim to the crown of Castile led to an attempt by her husband, England's John of Gaunt, to control that land. He also succeeded in forcing the Commons to agree to the imposition of the first poll tax in English historya viciously regressive measure that bore hardest on the poorest members of society. John (1366-1367) most likely died after the birth of his younger brother Henry, the future Henry IV of England; he was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. In accordance with the legal provisions, you can ask for the removal of your name and the name of your minor children. English Royalty. From then until 1377, he was effectively the head of the English government due to the illness of his father and elder brother, who were unable to exercise authority. When John of Gaunt died in 1399, his estates and titles were declared forfeit to the crown, since King Richard II had named Henry a traitor and changed his sentence to exile for life. John of Gaunt, born in 1340, was the third son of King Edward III. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, 1st Earl of Richmond - Geni [31] A wall memorial in the crypt of the present cathedral lists Gaunt's as among the important lost monuments. Because of his rank, John of Gaunt was one of England's principal military commanders in the 1370s and 1380s, though his enterprises were never rewarded with the kind of dazzling success that had made his elder brother Edward the Black Prince such a charismatic war leader. The Beaufort children, three sons and a daughter, were legitimised by royal and papal decrees after John and Katherine married. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. Daughter of: John Beauchamp of Bletso and Edith Stourton. THE DESCENDANTS OF JOHN OF GAUNT. 12 Nov 1910 - The Spectator Archive The present Somerset family, Dukes of Beaufort, of Badminton House in Gloucestershire, are illegitimate direct male descendants of John of Gaunt, being illegitimate descendants of Henry Beaufort, 3rd Duke of Somerset, first cousin of Margaret Beaufort (1443-1509). Their magnificent tomb had been designed and executed between 1374 and 1380 by Henry Yevele with the assistance of Thomas Wrek, at a total cost of 592. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the thronethe phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status")was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. His wife Constance died in 1394, and two years later he married his mistress, Katherine Swynford. He was the third surviving son of King Edward III of England, and the father of King Henry IV. While John of Gaunt had gambled on an early decisive battle, the Castilians were in no hurry to join battle, and he began to experience difficulties keeping his army together and paying it. [16] As de facto ruler during Richard's minority, he made unwise decisions on taxation that led to the Peasants' Revolt in 1381, when the rebels destroyed his home in London, the Savoy Palace. Coat of Arms of Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter, Descendants of John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset, Cokayne, G. E.; H. A. Doubleday & Lord Howard de Walden, eds. His other legitimate descendants include his daughters Queen Philippa of Portugal and Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter (by his first wife Blanche of Lancaster), and Queen Catherine of Castile (by his second wife Constance of Castile). The Beaufort Portcullis, now the symbol of the House of Commons; The heraldic colours white and blue, an old symbol of the Earls of Lancaster. From the eldest son, John, descended a granddaughter, Margaret Beaufort, whose son, later King Henry VII of England, would nevertheless claim the throne. [14] John was himself a delegate to the various conferences that eventually resulted in the Truce of Leulinghem in 1389. When John died in 1399, Richard II confiscated the Lancastrian estates, thereby preventing them from passing to Johns son, Henry Bolingbroke. John of Gaunt Family Tree (3815) - Famous Kin Royal Descendants of Katherine Swynford and John of Gaunt - HubPages John, son of the King of England, Duke of Lancaster, whereas I have purchased divers manors, &c. before my marriage with my dear wife Catherine, to whom I have given several parts for her life, and I have enfeoffed my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, with certain other parts, &c. to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, brother of the aforesaid John, manors which belonged to Edward de Kendale, the reversion of which I have bought of Dame Elizabeth Crosier, also the lordships, &c. of which Dame Elizabeth Barry held for the term of her life, to him and the heirs of his body; in default of which to my said son John, and the heirs of his body; failing which to my dear daughter Joan, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland; I will that my dear bachelier Monsr Robert Nevil, William Gascoigne, my dear esquires, Thomas de Radclyf, and William Kat'yng, and my dear clerk Thomas de Langley, who, according to my directions, are enfeoffed in the Manor of Bernolswyk, in the County of York, pay annually to my executors for Dame Katherine del Staple xx marks for her life; and touching the wapentakes of Hangest, Hangwest, and Halykeld, in Richmondshire, which I have before granted to my dear son-in-law Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, and to my daughter Joan, his wife, for their lives, I will, &c. From Testamenta Vetusta, Being Illustrations from Wills, of Manners, Customs, &c., vol. On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. House of Beaufort - Wikipedia By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France and maintained a household comparable in scale and organisation to that of a monarch. His time at the head of government was marked by the so-called Good Parliament of 1376 and the Bad Parliament of 1377. Nominally friendly lords and even his own fortresses closed their gates to him, and John was forced to flee into Scotland with a handful of retainers and throw himself on the charity of King Robert II of Scotland until the crisis was over.[22]. John took pains to ensure that he never became associated with the opposition to Richard's kingship. And I constitute and appoint the Reverend Fathers in God Richard Bishop of Salisbury; John Bishop of Worcester; my very dear and loving cousins and companions Thomas Earl of Worcester, Steward of the Household of my Lord the King; and William Earl of Wilts, Treasurer of England; my son Ralph Earl of Westmoreland; Monsr Walter Blount; Monsr John Dabruggecourt; Monsr William Par; Monsr Hugh War'ton; Monsr Thomas Skelton; and Cokeyn, Chief Steward of my Lands; Sir Robert Qwytby, my Attorney General; Piers Melburn; William Ketyring; Robert Haylfield, Comptroller of my Household; Sir John Leyburn, my Receiver General; and Thomas Longley, Clerk, my executors. Genealogy chart showing how John of Gaunt (1340-1399) is the 17th Great-grandfather to Queen Elizabeth II (Queen of the United Kingdom) via their common ancestor of John of Gaunt. Eleanor of Aquitaine's Descendants Through John, King of England King John signing the Magna Carta, in a 19th century depiction by James William Edmund Doyle. Menu. Cambridge University Press. Edward (1365) died within a year of his birth and was buried in the Collegiate Church of the Annunciation of Our Lady of The Newarke, Leicester. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, best known for his work The Canterbury Tales. The army reached English-occupied Bordeaux on 24 December 1373, severely weakened in numbers with the loss of at least one-third of their force in action and another third to disease. Includes . John Beaufort, 1st Earl of Somerset (1373-1410)-married Margaret Holland. He was also an esquire of John of Gaunt,[2] and an extremely close friend to Queen Anne of Bohemia. A modern monument in the crypt lists John of Gaunt's grave as among the important ones lost. The English destroyed the shipping in St. Malo harbour and began to assault the town by land on 14 August, but John was soon hampered by the size of his army, which was unable to forage because French armies under Olivier de Clisson and Bertrand du Guesclin occupied the surrounding countryside, harrying the edges of his force. The family tree for John of Gaunt should not be considered exhaustive or authoritative. Updates? He reigned as King Henry IV of England (13991413), the first of the descendants of John of Gaunt to hold the English throne. He was a strong military leader in the tradition of the Plantagenets and a royal prince of. He planned a 'great expedition' of mounted men in a large armada of ships to land at Brest and take control of Brittany. The Complete Peerage, or a history of the House of Lords and all its members from the earliest times, volume XII part 1: Skelmersdale to Towton. Learn how and when to remove this template message, John Cornwall, 1st Baron Fanhope and Milbroke, Death of John of Gaunt, Richard Cavendish explains the life and death of Henry IV's father, on February 3rd, 1399, Five Ways to Compute the Relative Value of a UK Pound Amount, 1270 to Present, www.measuringworth.com, "British History in depth: Black Death: Political and Social Changes", Several entries, as Duke of Aquitaine & Lancaster; and as King of Castile and Duke of Lancaster, "Explanatory Notes on 'The Book of the Duchess', "Marks of cadency in the British royal family", Sir Jean Froissart: John of Gaunt in Portugal, 1385, Margaret of France, Queen of England and Hungary, Eleanor of England, Countess of Leicester, Joan, Countess of Hertford and Gloucester, Thomas of Brotherton, 1st Earl of Norfolk, Thomas of Woodstock, 1st Duke of Gloucester, Thomas of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Clarence, Humphrey of Lancaster, 1st Duke of Gloucester, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=John_of_Gaunt&oldid=1149661958, Pretenders to the throne of the kingdom of Castile, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica with Wikisource reference, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles needing additional references from December 2022, All articles needing additional references, Pages using infobox military person with embed, Articles with unsourced statements from April 2023, Articles needing additional references from March 2020, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from January 2021, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2022, Articles with unsourced statements from February 2023, Wikipedia articles incorporating a citation from the ODNB, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW, Wikipedia articles incorporating citation to the NSRW with an wstitle parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, During his marriage to Constance, John of Gaunt fathered four children by a mistress, the widow. John of Gaunt was a patron and close friend of the poet Geoffrey Chaucer, most famously known for his work The Canterbury Tales. Corrections? John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster (6 March 1340 3 February 1399) was an English royal prince, military leader, and statesman. However, mistrust remained, and some[who?] Five anonymous living donors, all members of the extended family of the present Duke of Beaufort, who claim descent from both the Plantagenets and Tudors through the children of John of. John renounced his claim in 1388, but he married his daughter, Catherine, to the young nobleman who eventually became King Henry III of Castile and Leon. [2][3] As Duke of Lancaster, he is the founder of the royal House of Lancaster, whose members would ascend the throne after his death. He countered their hostility by forming a curious alliance with the religious reformer John Wycliffe. [8] [9] Though he is always called "John of Gaunt", it is a name he was never called in his own lifetime after the age of three when he received his first title. Fortune turns her attention to three princes whom she implores to relieve Chaucer of his pain and "Preyeth his beste frend of his noblesse/That to som beter estat he may atteyne" (7879). (ed. They were later legitimised by royal and papal decrees, but this did not affect Henry IV's bar to their having a place in the line of succession. She is an ancestor of today's British royal family. John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster, also called (134262) earl of Richmond, or (from 1390) duc (duke) dAquitaine, (born March 1340, Ghentdied February 3, 1399, London), English prince, fourth but third surviving son of the English king Edward III and Philippa of Hainaut; he exercised a moderating influence in the political and constitutional struggles of the reign of his nephew Richard II. Married to: Lionel de Welles, Baron Welles; 14471461. Afonso of Portugal (1390-1400) 3. Thomas Beaufort, Duke of Exeter (1377-1427), married Margaret Neville, daughter of Sir Thomas de Neville and Joan Furnivall. As a younger brother of Edward, Prince of Wales (Edward, the Black Prince), John exercised great influence over the English throne during the minority of Edward's son, who became King Richard II, and the ensuing periods of political strife. Privacy Policy | ContactMe 2010-2023 FamousKin.com. The wealth she brought to the marriage was the foundation of John's fortune. He was an MP for Somerset and Devon. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third of four surviving sons of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. Chaucer retorts that "My frend maystow nat reven, blind goddesse" (50) and orders her to take away those who merely pretend to be his friends. All of them were born out of wedlock, but were legitimised upon their parents' eventual marriage. John received the title "Duke of Lancaster" from his father on 13 November 1362. His first wife, Blanche of Lancaster, was also his third cousin; both were great-great-grandchildren of King Henry III. Defeats King Richard III at the Battle of Bosworth Field in 1485, claims the throne as King Henry VII. Another motive was John's conviction that it was only by making peace with France would it be possible to release sufficient manpower to enforce his claim to the throne of Castile. John of Gaunt's eldest son and heir, Henry Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford, the son of his first wife Blanche of Lancaster, was exiled for ten years by King Richard II in 1398 as resolution to a dispute between Henry and Thomas de Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. By Constance of Castile: [28][29] "Chaucer as narrator" openly defies Fortune, proclaiming he has learned who his enemies are through her tyranny and deceit, and declares "my suffisaunce" (15) and that "over himself hath the maystrye" (14). After Blanche's premature death in 1368 and Gaunt's re-marriage in 1371, Elizabeth and her siblings joined the household of Gaunt's second wife . Blanche died on 12 September 1368 at Tutbury Castle, while her husband was overseas. At a time when English forces encountered setbacks in the Hundred Years' War against France, and Edward III's rule was becoming unpopular due to high taxation and his affair with Alice Perrers, political opinion closely associated the Duke of Lancaster with the failing government of the 1370s. Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal (1375-1447) CODICIL TO THE SAID WILL Item. Chaucer's The Book of the Duchess, also known as the Deeth of Blaunche the Duchesse,[26] was written in commemoration of Blanche of Lancaster, John of Gaunt's first wife. John Beaufort had already been created Earl of Somerset in 1397. The Castilian king, John of Trastmara, had expected John would land in Portugal and had concentrated his forces on the Portuguese border. John of Gaunt - Wikipedia He was the immediate ancestor of the three 15th-century Lancastrian monarchs, Henry IV, V, and VI. 3 (11thed.). He died in 1387 after six years of marriage. John and Kate are also my 18th great-grandparents (though I'm not royal or at all famous). The grave and monument were destroyed with the cathedral in the Great Fire of London in 1666. During this retreat, the army had to fight its way across the Somme at the ford of Blanchetaque against a French army led by Hugh de Chtillon, who was captured and sold to Edward III. John returned in 1389 and resumed his role as peacemaker. [3] The title Duke of Somerset was no longer available, having been granted in 1547 by King Edward VI[6] to his uncle Edward Seymour, Lord Protector, which family and title survives today. Gaunt married Swynford in 1396, as his third wife, and their children were subsequently legitimated both by his nephew King Richard II and by Pope Boniface IX. John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399)/descendants - Familypedia On 13 January 1396, two years after the death of Constance of Castile, Katherine and John of Gaunt married in Lincoln Cathedral. A later proviso that they were specifically barred from inheriting the throne, the phrase excepta regali dignitate ("except royal status"), was inserted with dubious authority by their half-brother Henry IV. During the 1390s, John's reputation of devotion to the well-being of the kingdom was largely restored. Fortune, in turn, does not understand Chaucer's harsh words to her for she believes she has been kind to him, claims that he does not know what she has in store for him in the future, but most importantly, "And eek thou hast thy beste frend alyve" (32, 40, 48). The two alabaster effigies were notable for having their right hands joined. Four or more generations of descendants of John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster (1340-1399) if they are properly linked:1. By then well established, he owned at least thirty castles and estates across England and France and maintained a household comparable in scale and organisation to that of a monarch. Famous descendants Sir Hugh Luttrell's famous descendants include:[citation needed] Robert Carter I: A wealthy Virginia colonist and slave-owner, one of the richest men in Virginia at his time He was called "John of Gaunt" because he was born in . Many deserted or abandoned the army to ride north under French safe conducts. Nicholas Harris Nicolas, Barrister at Law, Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries. Descendants of Edward III of England | Familypedia | Fandom "Elizabeth Plantagenet, a Lost Medieval Princess" - Anne O'Brien Books He made an abortive attempt to enforce a claim to the Crown of Castile that came through his second wife, Constance of Castile, and for a time styled himself as King of Castile. Successor: Henry IV Bolingbroke, King of England (2nd Duke of Lancaster and of Aquitaine) "John of Gaunt, 1st Duke of Lancaster, KG (6 March 1340 - 3 February 1399) was a member of the House of Plantagenet, the third surviving son of King Edward III of England and Philippa of Hainault. By Blanche of Lancaster The Castilians refused to offer battle and the Galician-Anglo-Portuguese troops, apart from time-wasting sieges of fortified towns, were reduced to foraging for food in the arid Spanish landscape. The poem refers to John and Blanche in allegory as the narrator relates the tale of "A long castel with walles white/Be Seynt Johan, on a ryche hil" (13181319) who is mourning grievously after the death of his love, "And goode faire White she het/That was my lady name ryght" (948949). [12], John's final campaign in France took place in 1378. They married in 1359 at Reading Abbey as a part of the efforts of Edward III to arrange matches for his sons with wealthy heiresses. The second son (of John of Gaunt), Henry, became a bishop, Lord Chancellor, and a Cardinal; the third son, Thomas, became Duke of Exeter; and the daughter, Joan, married Ralph Neville, 1st Earl of Westmorland, as his second wife. Through his first wife, Blanche (died 1368), John, in 1362, acquired the duchy of Lancaster and the vast Lancastrian estates in England and Wales. Although he fought in the Battle of Njera (1367), for example, his later military projects proved unsuccessful. Benjamin Harrison V: A famed American revolutionary and founding father of the United States of America. Katherine Swynford is best known as the mistress, and then wife, of John of Gaunt, whose whole life was riddled with scandal. John's daughter, Blanche, married Sir Thomas Morieux in 1381. All U.S. Presidents Are Related -12 Year Old Girl Discovers That All The arms of Castile and Len appeared on the dexter side of the shield (the left-hand side as viewed), and the differenced English royal arms on the sinister; but in 1388, when he surrendered his claim, he reversed this marshalling, placing his own arms on the dexter, and those of Castile and Len on the sinister. Daughter of: King Edward IV and Elizabeth Woodville. If I die out of London I desire that the night my body arrives there, that it be carried direct to the Friars Carmelites in Fleet Street, and the next day taken strait to St. Paul's, and that it be not buried for forty days, during which I charge my executors that there be no cering or embalming my corpse; I will that my executors pay all my debts, excepting the debts for the army, which my beloved brother the Duke of York incurred in Portugal, of which before God and all the world I hold myself free; I desire that chauntries and obits be founded for the souls of my late dear wives Blanch and Constance, whom God pardon; to the said altar of St. Paul's my vestment of satin embroidered, which I bought of Courtnay, embroider at London, certain lands and tenements in London, of which the reversion is purchased, rendering xx marks a year to Dame Katherine del Staple for her life, and I desire that during her life she be paid out of the rents of the Manor of Bernoldwyk, in the county of York; to the prisons of Newgate and Ludgate, in London C marks, to be divided between them; to my most dear wife Katherine, my two best nouches which I have, excepting that which I have allowed to my Lord and nephew the King, and my large cup of gold which the Earl of Wilts gave to the King my Lord, and which he gave me on my going into Guienne, together with all the buckles, rings, diamonds, rubies, and other things, that will be found in a little box of cypress wood, of which I carry the key myself, and all the robes which I bought of my dear cousin the Duchess of Norfolk, also my large bed of black velvet, embroidered with a circle of fetter-locks, and garters, all the beds made for my body called in England "trussing beds," my best stay with a good ruby, my best collar, all which my said wife had before her marriage with me, also all the goods and jewels which I had given her since my marriage; to my Lord and nephew the King the best nouche which I have on the day of my death, my best cup of gold which my dear wife Katherine gave me on New Year's Day last, my gold saltcellar with a garter, and the piece of arras which the Duke of Bourgoyne gave me when I was at Calais; to my dear brother the Duke of York, a gold cup and cover; to my dear son Henry, Duke of Hereford, Earl of Derby, two of the best pieces of arras, one of which was given me by my Lord and nephew the King, and the other by my dear brother the Duke of Gloucester, whom God pardon, when I lately returned from Spain, also a chain of gold of the old manner, with the name of God in each part, which my most honored Lady and mother the Queen, whom God pardon, gave me, commanding me to preserve it, with her blessing, and I desire that he will keep it with the blessing of God and mine; to my dear daughter Philippa, Queen of Portugal, my second best stay of gold, and a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Katherine, Queen of Castile and Leon, a gold cup and cover; to my dear daughter Elizabeth, Duchess of Exeter, my white bed of silk, with blue eagles displayed, and my best nouche after those before given; to my dear son John Beaufort, Marquis of Dorset, a dozen saucers, &c.; to the Reverend Father in God and my dear son the Bishop of Lincoln, a dozen saucers, &c. and my missal, and my portheus, which belonged to my Lord and brother the Prince of Wales, whom God preserve; to my dear son Thomas Beaufort, their brother, a dozen saucers, &c.; to my dear daughter, their sister, Countess of Westmoreland and Lady of Nevil, a silk bed, and a cup and cover of gold; to my dear Henry, eldest son of my dear son the Duke of Hereford, a gold cup; to my dear son John, brother to the said Henry, a gold cup; after all my debts are paid, and restitution made to all who have been injured by me or my servants, on my account, I desire that my executor pay to the Minister of Bury one thousand pounds; to my said wife Katherine two thousand pounds; to my said son the Duke of Hereford one thousand pounds; to my said son the Marquis one thousand pounds; to my said son Thomas Beaufort one thousand marks; "a mon tres chere bachelier" Monsr.